Sunday 12 July 2020

Learn how UPS works with its repairing, circuit diagram and waveform

Hello guys.
Have you ever wondered how UPS system works, that you can find easily besides you PC powering to it. Yes you are correct that cuboid box which supplies power to your PC, monitor if have, your wifimodem and what not. Today we are going to talk about UPS system. So lets get started.

UPS reffers for uninterrupted power supply which means you will have continous power without any interruption in case for pwer failure. There are nany types of UPS from which OFF-LINE and ON_LINE are preety common.

The UPS found at our PC is online .Here Online means like we are having power at the same time we are charging our battery in our UPS system In a UPS, the energy is generally stored in flywheels, batteries or super capacitors.
It has very short on-battery run time; however this time is enough to safely shut down the connected apparatus or to switch on a standby power source. 
Please get to the video to know about the complete knowledge of such type of UPS.

Monday 4 May 2020

Repair a Dead Power Bank || Repair and Replacement

One of my friend recently gave a power bank which was completely dead. He is not using so he decided to gave me. This video will show you how to repair such power banks with some repair and replacements. The batteries inside the power bank was corroded, so i tried to remove them out and gave a new life.
You can replace new batteries for full capacity of power bank. Capacity of Power Banks Measured in "mah" (milli ampere hours) Feel free to ask any query. Subscribe for more cool Projects!

Small Introduction: Portable Power Banks are comprised of a special battery in a special case with a special circuit to control power flow. They allow you to store electrical energy (deposit it in the bank) and then later use it to charge up a mobile device (withdraw it from the bank). Power Banks have become increasingly popular as the battery life of our beloved phones, tablets and portable media players is outstripped by the amount of time we spend using them each day. By keeping a battery backup close by, you can top-up your device(s) while far from a wall outlet.
The Power Banks we're talking about are good for almost any USB-charged devices. Cameras, GoPros, Portable speakers, GPS systems, MP3 players, smartphones and even some tablets can be charged from a Power Bank - practically anything that charges from USB at home can be charged from a Power Bank - you just have to remember to keep your Power Bank charged, too! Power Banks may also be known as Power Stations or Battery Banks, too.
First Disassemble the power Bank carefully. You need to apply little bit of force but be carefull not to break the circuit board inside. Do not forget to take safety precautions.
Here observing carefully in my case i found corrosion/rust over all my individual Li-ion battery . So in order to remove this use white vinegar and rub over the surface where corrosion/rust is present. This will clean the contact surfaces of the battery and now we are ready to solder all batteries together.
If you don't have White vinegar the you can do it via making your own solution .Follow these steps-
This process uses two solutions, one is regular table salt and vinegar. Any kind of vinegar will fine here. Its the acidity and corrosiveness of the salt and vinegar together that you want. The other solution is Sodium Bicarbonate/baking soda, and water. This is used to neutralize the corrosive properties of the other solution, and to further clean the battery terminals.
Step 1: Take off the Battries.
Step 2: Get 2 containers, one for each solution.
Step 3: Get 1 tablespoon of raw salt, and put it in one of the container. Fill up the rest of the container with vinegar, and stir the both together. Generally we put as much salt in the vinegar as will dissolve.
Step 4: Get 1 tablespoon of Sodium Bicarbonate(baking soda) and add it to the other container. Fill up the rest with water, and stir well. Add more baking soda to make it cloudy. The amount is not important, as long as it is alkaline to cancel the acid of the vinegar solution.
Step 5: Take the cotton ball or any cloth piece and rub over the battery terminal
Step 6: After 2 minutes or so, the terminal will look very shiny and new after appplying the vinegar solution. The acid and salt in the solution is etching away the oxides, exposing the bare metal. Make sure the metal is uniformly shiny. Leave it in longer if it is not perfectly clean throughout.
And you are done!! Shiny new battery terminals are ready for soldering.:)
Check the Charging PCB with the help of multimeter, whether you are getting desirable output voltage or not. The nominal voltage of Li-ion cells is 3.6V-3.7V. I am getting output voltage of around 4.1volt that is enough to charge li-ion battery.
Now its time to solder the batteries. Unluckly while observing carefully i found that one of my four battery is dead because it was sweeled from the upperpart that simply means it wll not work. So i contuinuied my soldering part with just 3 batteries. Offcourse this reduced my Power bank capacity.
So lets do some Calculations over that.
In order to calculate overall capacity of bank we have to first determine the capacity of individual battery . So for this we have one formula:
Capacity of one cell(Battery)= Total Capacity of power bank / No of cells
= 10400 / 4
= 2600 mAh
That means the capacity of one cell is 2600 milli ampere hours(mAh)
OR
2.6 Ampere hour(Ah)
Now,
New capacity of power bank = Capacity of one cell * No of cells working cell left

That is,
=2600 * 3
=7800 mAh or 7.8 Ah
Our power Bank capacity reduced from 10400mAh to 7800mAh.
Enough Calculation, now its time to put all together. Pack the powerbank once again by installig batteries and other necessary parts.
Bring back the USB cable and Plug and finally just check weather powerbank starts cahrging or not. And wow we gave a power bank a new life with capacity of 7600mAh.
You can see after charging powerbank a little bit, it is now ready to use:)
You just gave a new life to a dead power bank;)

Now use and Enjoy.:D
This marks the end of this instructable. Hope you liked it.
Please vote for the project and share if you think it was awesome.
Don't forget to follow for more cool projects!!

Friday 20 May 2016

DIY-Solar Energy USB Phone/Tablet Charger

Let's start with a sweet intro as the intro says everything about what we are doing here!
Introduction:
Solar is a Wide source of energy all around the Globe that is even used by aliens Who knows..:) We can make full use of it with many applications including electricity Generation, water heating, cooking food even lit a fire and the list is on and on. For electricity Generation, we are pretty familiar with Solar panels. They simply Convert light energy into electrical energy using photons present in energy packets of light energy Solar panels possess a simple physics but that is a subject for another tutorial. In this blog let's build something useful. So I decided to make utilization of this energy in order to charge my mobile or tablet. Also, it can be used to run other DC appliances(Low voltage and current) Like LED, Decoration lights, Power your Arduino even, etc.


So now in this, i will show you how to make DIY-Solar Energy USB Phone/Tablet Charger in a super easy way with a short tutorial
Let's Get Started!!



Step -1: Components you need

Here is the list of components we require:
1. 12v solar panel
2. Zero PCB or similar
3. PCB terminals
4. USB slot (you can salvage also)
5. Capacitors-10microF*2
6. 7805 Voltage Regulator
> Dc-Dc buck Converter will work fine
Tools you will need also:
  • Soldering Iron
  • Cutting/stripping tools
  • Glue gun


Step -2: Little work on Solar Panel


When we buy a Solar panel, at the back side of it we will find two terminals that are one positive and the second negative. We will be going to add a terminal at the back side of the panel.
Just solder a diode at the positive terminal at the panel and then to the PCB terminal. Also, connect the negative of the panel to the second PCB terminal pin.
We now just need to insert the wires and tighten the screw.



Step -3: Preparing Circuit Module


It uses a very common and simple circuit in order to step down the solar panel to around 5.0v. This voltage is necessary to charge up the phone or any gadget which requires 5v.
If you want to know more about voltage regulator IC then refer to this link
Connect the circuit according to the schematic shown:



 


Step -4: Preparing the case for mounting the USB slot and circuit




I use simple plastic casing laying around in my garage. You can salvage from any old packaging.
Just trim off a slot equal to USB and also two holes opposite to the USB slot for the input terminal from the Solar panel.
If necessary file it. Insert the USB into place as shown in the photos


Step -5: Soldering time!

















Solder the wire to the USB pins that is the outer pins of the slot. Middle pins are for the Data connections we need not required to connect anything with them. So leave them.
Solder the Circuit as per the schematic. Connect the USB to the Circuit as shown. Now we are ready to install them into the case.

Step -6: Assembling everything and Packing



Insert the USB into the case properly and glue it.
Trim off the unnecessary PCB such that it can Fit into our Plastic Case. If needed to Add support to USB with the help of a piece of paper as I did in the pictures.
That Green terminal is used to connect to Solar Panel. Glue them all and finally, we are done.
Connect the wires as long as you want as per your requirement.
Plug the USB cable into the slot
Connect to your phone or tablet.

Step -7: See what you have made!!



Finally, We have made our simple and Cheap Solar USB charger. It can charge your mobile for free, and credit goes to Sun.:) Yeah!
Hope you liked this blog.
Please share if you think it was awesome and see the videos for working on such a project and first charging.
Don't forget to follow for more cool projects!!
Feel free to have any queries.
More videos on my Youtube channel 

#Thanks.

Monday 16 May 2016

RGB LED Tutorials

In this blog I Will show you how to get start with RGB LED using Arduino.

Small Introduction:

RGB LED contain red, blue and green LED's. Blue and green combine to produce turquoise, green and red combine to produce yellow, red and blue combine to make violet, red, green and blue combine to make white. There are literally more than 16,000,000 possibilities with the more sophisticated controllers. With an RGB LED you'll be able to produce any colour glow your heart desires.Intresting isnt it! At first using an RGB LED seems quite complex, but it quite quickly becomes clear when you starts hand on over these types. In this blog i will show to how to begin with RGB leds with some basic codes and finally i will show you 5 different colour scheme using RGB Led with arduino with different codes.
Lets get Started!
Attention : I have used COMMON ANODE(+) type LED.

Look out the video First!!


Step -1: Part Lists

1. RGB LED-Common Anode type
2. Arduino UNO or Nano will also work 
3. Resistor- 100 ohm~Or near by Value
4. NPN Transistor-BC 547
5. Potentiometer 10K
6. ON/OFF Push Button
7. Connecting wires and leads

Step 2: Understand RGB and Circuit


When you will buy a RGB led it will be available in two configuration that is Common Anode And Common Cathode.So but it properly.

Code 1: Simple Blink code

Saturday 16 April 2016

DIY-Beginning /Making with Drones (With Remote Callibration and Binding Proccess)

HELLO Everyone.!


Have you ever thought of Drones that fly in the sky with remote controls in your hands performing various activities and now you have decided to make your own? Then there is my blog to help you out in Getting started with drones to make your own drone in a cheaper and super easy way. This might help you in school/College.





Introduction:
What are they and who uses them? Some call them drones, and some apply the label “quadcopters”, though they can have any number of rotors or even be planes— Also called “unmanned aerial vehicles” (UAVs).
UAVs are and aren't new. A new trend emerged in the tech toy and aerial imaging market an explosion in popularity of compact multi-rotor RC aircraft, perhaps most notably the DJI Phantom 3 (a company that manufactures drones or similar), a compact quadcopter capable of flying a GoPro either statically mounted or stabilized with a 2-axis gimbal, equipping them with cameras. Such technology can have many applications as a hobbyist and as a professional.
So Why not build our own at cheaper rates..:) and learn something new as well!
Look out at the video first, how it looks!


So let's get to understanding the drones ("quadcopter" in my case) and then I will tell you how to make your own drone including each and every step I used to build my first drone with successful flight.


Step -1: Know you're quadcopter-How they Work

UVAs break into seven key components:
  • Main Controller (MC) /Flight Controller:-
The heart of the flight-control system can be thought of as the “brains” of the UAV. It is an embedded computer that has custom software for controlling the aircraft, sometimes user-reprogrammable. In some designs, the MC is a separate module with connection ports. On others, especially consumer products, a single PCB (circuit board) may include the MC, gyros/sensors, ESCs, and other core flight electronics. 
I used the KK2.1.5 Version of the flight control board. They are pretty compact and built-in gyros, Hence preferred.
  • Gyros or Sensors:-
For autonomy to work, the Main Controller MC needs to track how the aircraft is flying. To accomplish this, some form of the sensor array is provided. Generally, it will include accelerometers, IMUs (inertial measurement units), and gyros, and may also work in conjunction with positional data from an optical flow system or GPS/compass. Basically, these sensors tell the UAV how fast its acceleration is changing, in what direction, and whether it is right-side up. Those familiar with motorized gimbal camera stabilizers may recognize the same sensor technology being employed here as in gimbals.
  • Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs):-
Each motor has an ESC. In its most basic form, an ESC regulates power going to the motor with which it is paired. More sophisticated systems can also relay data back to the MC, such as vitals about how the motors are performing. With six or more rotors, active feedback makes it possible to keep flying if one motor fails.
  • Receivers:-
This receiver is for the radio control system. It pairs (“binds”) with the controller the pilot or operator holds, which logically, if confusingly, is known as the “transmitter.” Modern receivers typically operate in the 2.4GHz range (like other license-free radio systems such as Wi-Fi) and have four or more channels, extra channels enabling custom functionality to be relayed via the control signal, in addition to basic piloting inputs. In the hobby world, these extra channels might be used for anything from retracting/extending landing gear to firing off a smoke generator. In aerial imaging applications, the extra channels can sometimes be dedicated to gimbal/camera control.
  • Motors:-
In most cases, these are brushless electric motors. The motors are usually paired, each pair a set containing one clockwise (CW) motor partnered with one counterclockwise (CCW) rotating motor, though they may be sold individually. It is important when replacing them or building your own system to use the correct rotational direction in the correct position. This can get confusing, as the propellers are often designated CW or CCW based on which way they screw on, not which way they rotate—which is probably the opposite direction!. Motors are BLDC types.
  • Propellers:-
Light UAVs use plastic propellers, which resist breaking on impact because they are flexible, and they are safer. Heaver models use carbon fiber or other more rigid materials. Carbon fiber propellers are dangerous, even deadly, and should be used only by experienced pilots and well away from people. Unless extreme performance is a concern, the benefits of carbon fiber over plastic are marginal on multi-rotors.
  • Transmitter:-
This is the radio controller. UAVs equipped with receivers can work with a range of transmitters. This allows the user to select the best fit, depending on what features they are looking for and what their budget might be. Systems that include a transmitter (as well as other basic accessories required for flying) are dubbed “ready-to-fly,” and are the simplest to jumpstart the beginner. When investing in a transmitter, generally, compatibility can be determined by referring to the specs for the receiver. It will need to support the same protocol as the receiver and support at least as many channels as the receiver requires.
So, for example, a 4-channel receiver will work happily with a 6-channel transmitter. Simple!
>>I used Fly Sky CT6B- 6 channel radio control.

So I think its enough to understand our drone with quite a brief introduction and now its time to move to our DIY section..:)


Step -2: Parts You Need-











  • Frame
    -->>I built my own frame using an aluminum bar and acrylic glass plate.
    -->>You can build the same or buy from the market.
  • Motor x4
    -->> Motor rating 1000KV
  • Electronic Speed Control (ESC) x4
    -->>30A
  • Flight Control Board
    -->>KK2.1.5
  • Radio transmitter and receiver
    -->>CT6B 6 Channel
  • Propeller x4 (2 clockwise and 2 counter-clockwise)
    -->>10 inches
  • Battery & Charger
    -->>11.1v, 3300 mah
Connecting wires x10-15
>>Female to Female Pin Connector Wire




Step -3: Frame construction

The frame is made by using aluminum bars as shown in the figure and for the base I used acrylic glass.

  




Refer to figures and photos. The frame should be such that the arm of the drone is compatible with the propellers and the mid base for the drone should not be over the base area, this will affect the thrust produced by the motor.


The thing to build frame>>

  • Aluminium Bars
  • Acrylic glass/plate
  • Bolts and nuts
  • Steel washer
  • Rubber washer
    Other tools>>
  • Drill machine
  • Hot Glue Gun
  • Screwdriver

    The Frame can be made into two configurations that are X-configuration and + configuration.
    In this quadcopter, I used X-configuration.

Step -4: Assembling part



Now we have our frame for the drone and the next step is to mount all the necessary parts on the frame.
Use screwdrivers to tighten the motors on the frame as shown in the figure.
>>Mount all 4 ESCs on the arm of the frame with the help of hot glue and zip ties.
>>Connect the Bullet connectors with the motors.
>>Since we have made our own frame, so we need to make our own power distribution system.
>> I attach all ESCs below the arm. You can glue them over the frame. This thing does not matter.
Now let's move to make power Distribution for our drone.


Step -5: Power Distribution part



All ESCs come with a connector to connect to the battery. But here we can do two things--

  1. Buy and connect all the connectors with the necessary male and female connectors, but this will increase the cost as well as increase the overall weight
    Or (alternate way)
  2. Desolder all the connectors and Solder a jumper wire from all ESC in parallel and finally add a single Male connector instead of four as shown in the figure, to connect it with a battery.

    I used 2nd method. Desolder all the male connectors from all the ESCs and connect two single wires for both Positive and Negative wires in parallel. Finally, connect a male connector that can connect to a battery.

    The figure illustrates more than a theory so let's have a look at all pictures..;)


Step -6: Mount the Flight controller and Receiver





The flight controller is connected with the help of a female connecting wire as shown.
you can see the video in order to how to connect the Motor and ESCs with the flight controller Flight control is labeled with the connection and pin to connect like output1,out2,out3,out4,out5,out6,out7,out8.
They connect to our four motors which are female wires on ESCs (red, black, yellow).



Step -7: Binding Transmitter and Receiver

We will receive a binding Cable with a remote that includes all accessories like Software CD, PC cable, etc.
>>Plug the binding cable into a pin labeled with "bind" on the receiver.
>>Supply Power to Receiver using flight controller(connection with FC [fight controller] and receiver will automatically receive power, NO extra connection required)
To bind your transmitter and receiver do the following steps>
  1. Put the battery into the remote (DO NOT ON the switch)
  2. Connect the battery to the Drone
  3. Now Press a BIND button(somewhere around the bottom left of the remote) on the remote and switch ON the remote
  4. The red LED on the receiver comes in the stable Mode (before it was blinking)

    You are Done with Binding Process..:) now let's calibrate!



Step -8: Calibrate your Remote control using PC software.



Install CD into your Computer(Comes with your remote control)
The software is so-called "T6 Config" and a window will appear like the photo I attached
Use the following link to change the settings
You can Watch callibration video.
Use the trim button to remove the black area from each channel.
Once you have done all these steps you are ready for your first move.




Step -9: Initial setup of Flight Controller


 













We have to do some changes to the Flight controller.

The flight controller comes with an LCD screen and 4 buttons to feed some values and configuration or settings
Here is the Video of such settings.
Initial setup KK2.1.5 

Go According to these videos. Dont forget to "Factory Reset" while Getting started initially..:)
After entering all the values and setting up into FC. It's time to check out a motor rotation and Offcourse first Lifting.
Use a remote to ARM your drone in order to fly. This is a must for every remote control and flight control, without this, your drone will not move or work. Armed means Action time.;)


Step 10: Fun time-First Flight





Now you are Ready to Fly.
Make sure you are with enough space to fly or else you may need to make another..;)
While Testing you may destroy propellers (same here) but you can change them anytime and get ready again.
Refer to my videos of First Flight and Success Flight.
Video 1: Drone Testing and first flight


Feel free to contact me if you face any problems. I will get back to you with Solutions from Experts.
And you are Done.:)
Hope it Helped you a lot.
Please share If u think helpful. Also, you can support meStay making and keep learning.:D
I will meet you in my next blog.:D

Learn how UPS works with its repairing, circuit diagram and waveform

Hello guys. Have you ever wondered how UPS system works, that you can find easily besides you PC powering to it. Yes you are correct that cu...